ScienceDaily Top Science Headlines
for Wednesday, April 13, 2011
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First comprehensive gene map of the human brain: More than 90 percent similarity among humans (April 13, 2011) -- Researchers have released the world's first anatomically and genomically comprehensive human brain map, a previously unthinkable feat made possible through leading-edge technology and more than four years of rigorous studies and documentation. ... > full story
Radiation at time of lumpectomy may offer faster, more precise treatment for breast cancer patients, experts say (April 13, 2011) -- Physicians are currently utilizing a new treatment option for breast cancer that allows women to receive a full dose of radiation therapy during breast conserving surgery. Traditionally, women who opt to have a lumpectomy must first have surgery then undergo approximately six weeks of radiation. This schedule can be challenging for women who have busy schedules or do not have access to a center offering radiation therapy. In some cases, the demanding schedule causes women to not comply with the recommended course of treatment, increasing their risk for cancer recurrence. ... > full story
Scotland's carbon emissions could be halved in two decades, study suggests (April 13, 2011) -- Cutting Scotland's greenhouse gas emissions by a half within 20 years is achievable, a study suggests. ... > full story
Scientists explore new link between genetics, alcoholism and the brain (April 13, 2011) -- Researchers have uncovered a new link between genetic variations associated with alcoholism, impulsive behavior and a region of the brain involved in craving and anxiety. ... > full story
Obesity may shut down circadian clock in the cardiovascular system (April 13, 2011) -- Researchers have found that a key gene clock of the cardiovascular system does not work properly when obesity is present. The findings are believed to be the first of their kind. ... > full story
Loss of cell adhesion protein drives esophageal and oral cancers in mice (April 13, 2011) -- There are over 650,000 cases of oral cancer each year, and esophageal cancer represents the sixth most common cause of cancer death in men. Research has shown that a protein that helps cells stick together is frequently absent or out of place in these cancers, but it's unclear if its loss causes the tumors. The investigators report that mice engineered to lack this protein, called p120-catenin, in the oral-upper digestive tract develop squamous cell cancers. ... > full story
When the pressure is on, product experts can get facts wrong (April 13, 2011) -- Buying a new car, camera or computer? New research shows that seeking advice from expert acquaintances to choose between models of merchandise might not always be good idea. ... > full story
Parkinson's disease: Investigational drug may reduce involuntary movements (April 12, 2011) -- Results of the first randomized, placebo-controlled long-term clinical trial show the investigational drug safinamide may reduce dyskinesia or involuntary movements in mid-to-late stage Parkinson's disease. ... > full story
Distribution of cancers in the HIV/AIDS population is shifting (April 12, 2011) -- As treatments for HIV/AIDS improve and patients are living longer, the distribution of cancers in this population has undergone a dramatic shift in the United States. While cases of the types of cancer that have been associated with AIDS progression have decreased, cases of other types of cancer are on the rise. ... > full story
Public relatively unconcerned about nanotechnology risks (April 12, 2011) -- A new study finds that the general public thinks getting a suntan poses a greater public health risk than nanotechnology or other nanoparticle applications. The study compared survey respondents' perceived risk of nanoparticles with 23 other public-health risks. ... > full story
Psychologists say well-being is more than 'happiness' (April 12, 2011) -- Well-being amounts to more than mere happiness, and involves a wide range of personal and social domains, new research suggests. Psychologists say that positive relationships and a sense of meaning and purpose in life are crucial to genuine well-being. ... > full story
Moderate exercise dramatically improves brain blood flow in elderly women (April 12, 2011) -- It's never too late for women to reap the benefits of moderate aerobic exercise. In a three-month study of 16 women age 60 and older, brisk walking for 30-50 minutes three or four times per week improved blood flow through to the brain as much as 15 percent. ... > full story
Evidence lacking for efficacy of memantine in treating mild Alzheimer's disease, study finds (April 12, 2011) -- An analysis of studies involving the drug memantine finds a lack of evidence for benefit when the drug is used to treat patients with mild Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment, according to a new study. ... > full story
'Alternative vote' electoral system could lock out extremist candidates, UK researcher says (April 12, 2011) -- Moving to an alternative vote (AV) electoral system could lock extremist candidates out of office and ensue that the least popular politician has the least chance of winning, according to a voting researcher in the UK. ... > full story
Maternal stress during pregnancy may affect child's obesity (April 12, 2011) -- A new study suggests a mother's nutritional or psychological stress during pregnancy and lactation may create a signature on her child's genes that put the child at increased risk for obesity later in life, especially if the child is female. ... > full story
Omega-3 consumed during pregnancy curbs risk for postpartum depression symptoms (April 12, 2011) -- A new study explored whether fish oil consumption would result in a lower incidence of diagnosable postpartum depression. Researchers found that women in the treatment group had significantly lower total Postpartum Depression Screening Scale scores, with significantly fewer symptoms common to postpartum depression. ... > full story
Cause of irradiation-induced instability in materials' surfaces discovered (April 12, 2011) -- A new discovery about the dynamic impact of individual energetic particles into a solid surface improves our ability to predict surface stability or instability of materials under irradiation over time. The finding may lead to the design of improved structural materials for nuclear fission and fusion power plants, which must withstand constant irradiation over decades. It may also accelerate the advent of fusion power, which does not produce radioactivity. ... > full story
Iraqi refugees at high risk of brain and nervous system disorders (April 12, 2011) -- New research suggests that a high number of Iraqi refugees are affected by brain and nervous system disorders, including those who are victims of torture and the disabled. ... > full story
Prenatal exposure to certain pollutants linked to behavioral problems in young children (April 12, 2011) -- Mothers' exposure during pregnancy to pollutants created by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and other organic material may lead to behavioral problems in their children, according to a new study. Researchers found that within a sample of 215 children monitored from birth, those children with high levels of a pollution exposure marker in their cord blood had more symptoms of attention problems and anxiety/depression at ages 5 and 7 than did children with lower exposure. ... > full story
Increase in football-related injuries among youth found in new U.S. study (April 12, 2011) -- A new study has found that an estimated 5.25 million football-related injuries among children and adolescents between 6 and 17 years of age were treated in U.S. emergency departments between 1990 and 2007. The annual number of football-related injuries increased 27 percent during the 18-year study period, jumping from 274,094 in 1990 to 346,772 in 2007. ... > full story
Forensics: Developing a tool for identification -- even using very degraded DNA samples (April 12, 2011) -- Frequently the only biological material available to identify persons is DNA in a very degraded state. In these cases, the kits usually employed to carry out DNA identifications do not produce accurate results, given that all the DNA is not available. Biochemists have now developed a tool for identifying persons from these small fragments of DNA. ... > full story
First clinical trial of gene therapy for pain shows substantial pain relief for patients (April 12, 2011) -- In the first clinical trial of gene therapy for treatment of intractable pain, researchers observed that the treatment appears to provide substantial pain relief. ... > full story
Insights gained from growing cold-causing virus on sinus tissue (April 12, 2011) -- Using sinus tissue removed during surgery, researchers have managed to grow a recently discovered species of human rhinovirus, the most frequent cause of the common cold, in culture. ... > full story
Space jets in a bottle (April 12, 2011) -- By creating space-like conditions in a slim 4-meter vessel, researchers have helped confirm the behavior of astrophysical jets -- streams of charged particles shot out by supermassive black holes and young stars, which stretch several hundred thousand light years across space. ... > full story
Multitasking study reveals switching glitch in aging brain (April 12, 2011) -- Scientists have pinpointed a reason older adults have a harder time multitasking than younger adults: they have more difficulty switching between tasks at the level of brain networks. ... > full story
Nasal spray vaccines can be made more effective against flu, experts say (April 12, 2011) -- Nasal vaccines that effectively protect against flu, pneumonia and even bioterrorism agents such as Yersinia pestis that causes the plague, could soon be a possibility, according to new research. Researchers describe how including a natural immune chemical with standard vaccines can boost their protective effect when delivered through the nose. ... > full story
Estrogen treatment with no side effects in sight, Swedish researchers find (April 12, 2011) -- Estrogen treatment for osteoporosis has often been associated with serious side effects. Researchers in Sweden have now, in mice, found a way of utilizing the positive effects of estrogen in mice so that only the skeleton is acted on. ... > full story
Physicians recommend different treatments for patients than they choose for themselves, study finds (April 12, 2011) -- The act of making a recommendation appears to change the way physicians think regarding medical choices, and they often make different choices for themselves than what they recommend to patients, according to a survey study. ... > full story
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